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Home Schooling Curriculum – Tips for Choosing The Right One For Your Kids


More and more parents are choosing to home school their kids. Home schooling has long been thought of as only for strict religious homes. Home schooling is now being chosen by all types of families. In addition to more and more families choosing to home school their kids, there are also more and more curriculum options available. The availability of the world wide web has made the avaiability of more curriculum options for your family. Can you determine the best course of curriculum for your kids? You will want to heed these ideas as you go through each process.

What do you know about Charlotte Mason’s method? Charlotte mason was an important educator at the turn of the twentieth century. Her approach focused on three areas, life, discipline, and atmosphere. The home’s atmosphere and living books are the focus involved here. The methods were strict and centered mostly on good study habits while incorporating subjects that were easy to understand without the dry facts. You can locate this curriculum at many home school bookstores.

The government and state send out standardized tests that home schooled children are still required to take. Many “traditional” schools set days aside for these tests each year. Before administering the tests at home, check with your local school board to make sure that your child isn’t required sit in a school classroom first. In some areas, there are days set aside for local home schooled children to take the tests together. Use the information available through your local school board to plan your approach to yearly standardized tests.

You are never set in one style of home school curriculum. Some home schooling parents have found great success through the blending of different teaching styles and learning methods. Don’t forget, kids are very versatile elements what may work in one subject might not in another. Many parents worry that they wont be able to keep their kids interested. By blending curriculums you get the best of all of the worlds you want to explore and educational methods that you want to embrace. Your kids will likely enjoy the variety you put into your teaching for their learning styles. home schooling your kids is valuable to them and you which has been proven. The fact is that kids who were home schooled do better on tests and in college. The bonds between home schooled kids and their families are often stronger. home schooling’s efficacy has been a worry for some so this is reassuring for them. Before you start teaching your kids at home you will need to know which curriculum you intend to use. Talk to other parents and research your perspective curricula. You will find you path!

Affording College in a Difficult Economy


If you are in college now or planning to attend college in the near future, the national recession is making the task of paying for a college education even more daunting. Perhaps you were counting on help from your parents, or as a parent, feel you should be providing the best education possible. Parents of students attending college or prospective college students have every right to be concerned. But you should also know that even with dire economic news, there are lots of ways to afford a college education.

As a father of five children I fully understand how difficult paying for college can be. My oldest son decided not to go to college and attended a police academy instead. The cost was modest compared to college, so it did allow me to devote more money to the other kids in the family. My second oldest son wanted to go to a small private college to learn a trade. While I was able to pay some of the costs from savings and current income, a parent Plus loan and student loans covered most of the cost. My daughter started at a private woman’s college with a scholarship for half the cost. She later transferred to a state university, and the cost of attending dropped by more than 50%. Again some savings, student loans, and paying for what we could from our current income has covered the costs.  

Not everyone can save money in advance and with today’s economic uncertainty, most of us are on edge when it comes to affording college. I started saving in mutual funds for each child and learned to move money from growth funds to more conservative money market funds as it got closer to time to pay for college.  This helps ensure that you are not taking too much risk with your money.

My third son is 19 and will graduate next year from college with no debt.  How is he doing it? First, he stayed home and saved on the cost of housing. Attending the local state college is much less expensive than the other six schools he considered. Getting excellent grades in high school allowed him to earn a scholarship for the first years’ costs—this was a big savings.  He has since been able to get additional scholarships, but he also works 30 hours a week (while maintaining a 4.0 GPA).  He is saving 0/week from his part-time job to pay for his senior year and has used the money we saved for him to pay the remaining costs. Avoiding student debt will really help him as he tries to pay for graduate school.

My youngest son is still a few years away from college, so we put money aside in a state 529 fund to take advantage of the tax benefits for this type of investment. The market is down and it allows me to buy more shares in mutual funds at a lower cost.  Over time (I still have more than five years), the stock market will recover and it is likely I will benefit from this fund. We also have money is a separate mutual fund account with an allocation between growth and more stable balanced funds. Additionally, I save all my lose change and have my wife deposit it in a bank savings account, where our youngest son also contributes a part of his weekly allowance. This gives him a stake in the plan to save for college and allows us to have discussions about the options for college costs and how to save for them.  

The most important thing is don’t give up before you get started. MeritAid.com recently surveyed over 2,500 high schools.  The results of the survey are telling—almost fifty percent indicated affording college was an issue of concern. Fifty-seven percent are considering attending a less prestigious college due to cost and sixteen percent don’t think they can attend college right now due to the cost.

Have a frank discussion as a family about what you can afford before you begin to search for colleges. But don’t give up on college because you think you can’t afford it. You may have to start at a community or junior college. In many states, you can get two years of college at the local level with smaller classes and save on the cost of going away to college. High school students can also take Advanced Placement (AP) courses in high school that often translate to college credit, that’s a big savings right off the bat. I was the first person in my family to attend college. I started at a community college and later transferred to a state university. While on active duty with the US Air Force, I continued my education and was able to earn a graduate degree. There are lots of paths toward getting a college education. Explore all the options.
    
Before you decide you can’t afford college, calculate what you can afford on www.fafsa4caster.ed.gov and start searching for scholarships, grants, and loans at free web sites:

Do everything you can to maximize financial aid. Financial aid is actually on the increase. The College Board found that while tuition rose less than one percent over inflation in 2007-2008 for a four-year college, financial aid rose by more than 5.5 percent over the cost of inflation during the same period. College students received more than 3 billion in financial aid, including grants, loans, work-study programs, and tax credits.

If you need help to pay for college, federal loans are an increasingly attractive alternative to private student loans. While the credit crunch is limiting the availability of private loans, the access to federal loans is not affected by the economic downturn. A new benefit of federal loans begins in July 2009, when the payment that borrowers are expected to make will be calculated to be proportional to their income.

Private colleges can remain affordable when you compare value and cost together. Students who assume those institutions are out of their price range might be surprised to learn that private colleges are affordable because need-based and merit scholarships are still available.

If you are attending college in a state where the cost of tuition for a public university is close to the cost of a private college, those costs can be offset by financial aid packages that outpace what public universities can offer. With the additional advantage of getting the classes needed to graduate in four years (unlike many public universities where earning an undergraduate degree can take longer), private colleges can be affordable.

If you or your family is worried about paying for a college education keep in mind a few key must dos:

Get past the “sticker shock.” When you see the tuition price listed at many colleges, don’t assume that’s what you are going to pay and instantly rule out those schools. Thanks to a variety of financial aid programs, few families pay the list price. The College Board reports that average tuition at private colleges after grants and tax benefits are factored in is often ,000 less—and rising at a slower rate—than the “sticker” price.
Work with Mom and Dad to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Most colleges use the FAFSA to determine student financial assistance. The sooner you submit the FAFSA, the better the chances of getting a generous aid package. If a family’s financial situation changes during the course of the academic year, the college can make adjustments to provide more money immediately rather than waiting until the next school year. My kids learned this lesson the hard way. My 19-year-old son, who will finish college next year, did submit a FAFSA in his second year of college but it was submitted late, and as a result, scholarships had already been dispersed. The outcome of the late submission was that his parents had to pay most of the cost for his sophomore year.
Visit the campus financial aid department often. College financial aid officers should know you by your face and your first name. They are really there to help you and can be a tremendous resource for finding money for college from both the institution itself and the community at large. They will also help you navigate the in and outs of application deadlines. If you are interested in a private college, talk to the campus financial aid office about opportunities for assistance.

News reports about college financial aid may have you thinking that searching for financial aid will find the loan and grant pickings slim at best. But you should not disqualify yourself before investigating all options. In particular, I urge prospective first-generation college students and their families to explore financial aid options rather than concluding that higher education is out of reach in today’s economy. I recommend:

Investigating federal and state grants and loans before going to private loans, and checking alternative lenders thoroughly before applying for a loan. Student Lending Analytics, an independent research firm, has developed an Alternative Loan Guide to assist students and parents.
Meet all financial aid deadlines.
Complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) as soon as possible beginning January 1, 2009.

With each day seemingly bringing more bad news on the economic front, it’s important to remember that the dream of a college education doesn’t have to be delayed or set aside altogether. Help is out there for students and their families.

Education Career – Top 10 Online Education Career Opportunities


Pursuing a career in education is one of the most noble career options. What better way to have a fulfilling life and career than by educating young minds? A mind must be nurtured and taken care of in order for it to achieve something. That is why having the right education one to reach one’s true potential. Education goes a long way in shaping not only one’s career but also one’s mind. The benefits of education are endless. Not only does having a higher education earn you respect and a position in society but it also prepares you to face the challenges that life has to offer.

For many people who are working or are managing their homes, going to college or university was an impossible option. If you are one of them but still wish to achieve the education that you missed out, then using the tools and technology around you such as the internet might take you a long way. Online education is the next big thing as this allows you to learn at your own pace and according to your own timings. With the spread of internet all over the world, colleges and universities have decided to offer online education in order to help those who are unable to be physically present when it comes to attending classes. Students who are in need of higher education will find the answer to their prayer with the advent of online education. This gives you an official degree that will help you in later life. Using the internet as a tool has many advantages as this lets you research the topics you are studying. Online education is a great option for those who are unable to attend college for some reason or the other. Even at an older age one can enroll oneself in an online education course. This has a greater intake of students that traditional courses thus higher chances of getting selected for the courses. One can choose from a large number of online schools to select the one that is the best suited for him/her.

The opportunities for pursuing a career subsequently are endless.

Online education programs allow you to enter the teaching field. There are numerous jobs available for those trained in an online course to enter a teaching job. If teaching is your passion unlimited opportunities are open to you.

Online programs can enable you to embark on a psychology course that will later allow you to take up psychology as a career option. If delving into the human mind is your passion then this is the right career option for you.

One can also do an MBA online and enter into the field of management.

Online education allows you to achieve a doctorate degree that lets you work in the field of research on the topic of your interest.

Online film courses can help you become a successful film maker with the expertise that you have gained in the course of your online education.

Photography courses are also available. This can give you the necessary guidance to pursue your passion as a photographer.

Other courses that you can opt for include:

• Food science
• Engineering
• Mass communication
• Journalism

Metropolitan College Of New York


Metropolitan College of New York Replaces Semester with Purpose Approach

Metropolitan College of New York located at 431 Canal Street in the New York City and was formerly known as Audrey Cohen College. One of the unique features of the college is the purpose instead of the traditional semester approach for both in campus and online degrees .

Campus Features

Consequent upon reorganization of the college in September 2007, the college consists of Audrey Cohen School for Human Services and Education as well as the School for Management.

Brief History

Founded by Audrey Cohen in 1964 who tried to address dual issues of economic development and social improvements the college was the offshoot of civil rights and women’s movements in the 1950s and 60s. Tran’s disciplinary model and purpose centered system of education in the college are unique gifts of Cohen. Another notable feature of the college is its policy of supporting nontraditional students.

Unique Features

Instead of the well known semester concept, the college follows a purpose concept. Purpose and constructive action forms integral part of the course work in the college. Course action is a unique seminar of clinical type providing valuable fast hand experience to students. A couple of novel features are the accelerated studies program and the study while working programs offered by the college for its students.

Programs Offered

Presently the college provides both undergraduate as well as graduate programs in human services, education, emergency management, and business. Currently the college offers associate degrees, bachelor’s degrees, and master’s degrees in multiple disciplines. Details of it can be viewed on their web site on the academic program pages including information about online education .

Accreditation

Accreditation to the college was granted by Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges in 1984, reaffirmed in 1989, 1999 and again in 2010. In 2002 the college was renamed as the Metropolitan College of New York .

Admission

Offering admission in both undergraduate and graduate degree courses, the college provides facilities for students who do not have the GED diploma. Usually an application fee and documents should be attached with the application for admission that can be submitted directly, by mail or online.

Financial Aids

Usually the college has the facilities of Federal and State Grants, scholarships, loans, and tax credits for its students as financial aid. A statistics reveal that nearly 85% of the students avail some kind of financial aids or other. One can visit their financial aid page for details on the issue.

Metropolitan College of New York Replaces Semester with Purpose Approach

Metropolitan College of New York located at 431 Canal Street in the New York City and was formerly known as Audrey Cohen College. One of the unique features of the college is the purpose instead of the traditional semester approach for both in campus and online degrees .

Campus Features

Consequent upon reorganization of the college in September 2007, the college consists of Audrey Cohen School for Human Services and Education as well as the School for Management.

Brief History

Founded by Audrey Cohen in 1964 who tried to address dual issues of economic development and social improvements the college was the offshoot of civil rights and women’s movements in the 1950s and 60s. Tran’s disciplinary model and purpose centered system of education in the college are unique gifts of Cohen. Another notable feature of the college is its policy of supporting nontraditional students.

Unique Features

Instead of the well known semester concept, the college follows a purpose concept. Purpose and constructive action forms integral part of the course work in the college. Course action is a unique seminar of clinical type providing valuable fast hand experience to students. A couple of novel features are the accelerated studies program and the study while working programs offered by the college for its students.

Programs Offered

Presently the college provides both undergraduate as well as graduate programs in human services, education, emergency management, and business. Currently the college offers associate degrees, bachelor’s degrees, and master’s degrees in multiple disciplines. Details of it can be viewed on their web site on the academic program pages including information about online education .

Accreditation

Accreditation to the college was granted by Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges in 1984, reaffirmed in 1989, 1999 and again in 2010. In 2002 the college was renamed as the Metropolitan College of New York .

Admission

Offering admission in both undergraduate and graduate degree courses, the college provides facilities for students who do not have the GED diploma. Usually an application fee and documents should be attached with the application for admission that can be submitted directly, by mail or online.

Financial Aids

Usually the college has the facilities of Federal and State Grants, scholarships, loans, and tax credits for its students as financial aid. A statistics reveal that nearly 85% of the students avail some kind of financial aids or other. One can visit their financial aid page for details on the issue.

Metropolitan College of New York Replaces Semester with Purpose Approach

Metropolitan College of New York located at 431 Canal Street in the New York City and was formerly known as Audrey Cohen College. One of the unique features of the college is the purpose instead of the traditional semester approach for both in campus and online degrees .

Campus Features

Consequent upon reorganization of the college in September 2007, the college consists of Audrey Cohen School for Human Services and Education as well as the School for Management.

Brief History

Founded by Audrey Cohen in 1964 who tried to address dual issues of economic development and social improvements the college was the offshoot of civil rights and women’s movements in the 1950s and 60s. Tran’s disciplinary model and purpose centered system of education in the college are unique gifts of Cohen. Another notable feature of the college is its policy of supporting nontraditional students.

Unique Features

Instead of the well known semester concept, the college follows a purpose concept. Purpose and constructive action forms integral part of the course work in the college. Course action is a unique seminar of clinical type providing valuable fast hand experience to students. A couple of novel features are the accelerated studies program and the study while working programs offered by the college for its students.

Programs Offered

Presently the college provides both undergraduate as well as graduate programs in human services, education, emergency management, and business. Currently the college offers associate degrees, bachelor’s degrees, and master’s degrees in multiple disciplines. Details of it can be viewed on their web site on the academic program pages including information about online education .

Accreditation

Accreditation to the college was granted by Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges in 1984, reaffirmed in 1989, 1999 and again in 2010. In 2002 the college was renamed as the Metropolitan College of New York .

Admission

Offering admission in both undergraduate and graduate degree courses, the college provides facilities for students who do not have the GED diploma. Usually an application fee and documents should be attached with the application for admission that can be submitted directly, by mail or online.

Financial Aids

Usually the college has the facilities of Federal and State Grants, scholarships, loans, and tax credits for its students as financial aid. A statistics reveal that nearly 85% of the students avail some kind of financial aids or other. One can visit their financial aid page for details on the issue.

About Article submission service

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If something is induced in the market with beneficial purposes then must be carrying advantages also. Article submission service done under article directories have lots of advantages such as its main purpose is to make life easier, providing useful articles, tutorials, and dealing all types of human issues by providing depth knowledge about them. Article submission service includes different topics like business articles, financial and e-commerce articles, internet tutorials, science and health information, sport and fitness articles, reference and education articles, and many more. No doubt article submission service has to undergo careful analyzation of article directory team before getting uploaded.

Now its possible to submit unlimited articles or tutorials in the directory. So always take care that your article submission service works should stand upto the mark of quality standards of analyzation team of article directory. Your article submission service will be done free of cost till they meet the quality standards. Generally poor quality articles or duplicate articles or already found somewhere articles are rejected by them. So always take care of such things while doing article submission service. One cann’t create their own account for maintaining their article submission service. So to lead the market of article submission service and to avail more and more article directories for your this task always follow the quality guidelines.

Fix Runtime Library Runtime Error – How To Fix Runtime Library Runtime Error Instantly And Safely


Are you frustrated by Runtime Library Runtime Error when you are making an online transaction with VISA card? Does your computer often suffer frequent system crashes, Blue Screen of Death Errors and the surprising number of system errors when are directly caused by Runtime Library Runtime Error. If you are really annoyed by Runtime Library Runtime Error and you cannot find out any efficient way to fix Runtime Library Runtime Error, I highly recommend you to try the two ways below to speed up your computer and fix Runtime Library Runtime Error instantly.

What is Runtime Library Runtime Error? How to Fix Runtime Library Runtime Error Safely and Easily?

Runtime Library Runtime Error can be caused by several kinds of problems, such as faulty program installation and uninstall, serious virus attacks and application confliction. Runtime Library Runtime Error problems sometimes are hard to detect by Windows operating system itself and you have to restart your computer to get rid of Runtime Library Runtime Error.

What causes Runtime Library Runtime Error? Are there any methods that can fix Runtime Library Runtime Error Efficiently and Instantly within Few Clicks?

A corrupted registry can put your into Runtime Library Runtime Error trouble. The Windows Registry serves as one of a crucial part in Windows operating system due to it is designed to store and retrieve the entire configuration data of hardware, software, and user profile in your computer. With continuous usage of Windows Registry, the various kinds of registry errors, such as the empty keys, embedded keys, old application paths, uninstall entries and obsolete program shortcuts, get accumulation in the registry and cause the registry to be corrupted. If your Windows Registry is corrupted, Runtime Library Runtime Error will come out to disturb you and lead to dreaded Blue Screen of Death Errors and Windows shutdown problems.

Do you want an absolutely easy and quick method to fix Runtime Library Runtime Error? To efficiently fix Runtime Library Runtime Error, I highly recommend you to install a powerful and proactive registry cleaner to deal with Runtime Library Runtime Error instantly within few clicks.

An advanced, reliable and high- engineered registry cleaner is designed to provide you with absolutely helpful and professional solution to eternally, instantly and thoroughly fix the various kinds of Runtime Library Runtime Error and registry errors, such as empty registry keys, embedded keys, invalid uninstall entries, sound sections, help sections, invalid shortcuts and invalid file extensions, in Windows Registry on purpose to speed up computer and completely and permanently help you out from the Runtime Library Runtime Error problem.

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Are you tired of searching how to fix Runtime Library Runtime Error? Do you want to fix Runtime Library Runtime Error within few mouse- clicks? I highly recommend you to install the Best Registry Cleaner with a free scan to Fix Runtime Library Runtime Error!

When Science is Silence Metaphysics Talk


When Science is Silence then Metaphysics Talk

 

Scientists are proud with their scientific discoveries. Science now explains everything as most scientists believe. But scientists forget that science does not explain everything. It only explains the how relationships among certain objects. But there remain an immense world where science, with all its progress, cannot even touch.

Values and value systems and evaluations of things are some examples where science does not even venture to explain. Morality and moral codes, where good and evil essential and dominant for man’s existence. Humans are not mechanical robots with springs and calculating devises. Good and bad is central in humanity.

These criterion decides the inter-relations among humans, groups, societies, states, super states. Science does not touch at all on morality. It is simply not its domain. Thus values an value judgment dominating men’s lives are outside the domain of science.

Morality with its complicated systems of judgment and arbitration, a criterion for self-assessment, self- esteem, self-respect and self evaluation is not even mentioned by science. Scientists are concerned with what they discover of how matter behaves.

This is limited strictly to what they can analyze and observe in the laboratory of experimentation. Scientists do not deal in the least with values and morality. Humans life is but subject to the criterion of evaluation and morality.

Science can measure the distance between two objects, does not explain whether such a procedure can be evaluated nor whether or not is subject to good and evil. Science is concerned of the physical aspect of things and never of the aesthetic or spiritual or moral aspect of objects. Thus anatomy, biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics deal only with the physical aspect of what is object to observation.

A tree, an animal, a metal, a microbe or a human being are all subject to physical investigation, study, analysis and conclusions. But the aesthetic side of an animal, flora, metal or a human being is not subject to scientific research, reasoning and concluding. It cannot be subject to science for its cannot be verified.

Science does not deal with value judgment and morality for these cannot be subject to empirical investigation. But knowledge is not only limited to physical chemistry, physics, biology, genetics, nano- engineering or astrophysics. Knowledge is especially concerned with everything, including the behavior of humans.

This is left to social sciences that are not at exact or applied sciences but left to experimental experiences that does not yield scientific fruits.

Scientific reasoning leading to scientific knowledge does not explain, with all its advancement today, scientific evidence for ultimate questions. Ultimate questions are concerned with scientific investigation as with regard to the origin of objects of science. What is the origin of a tree, an animal or a human being.

The Origin remains one of the fore enigmatic, a complete mystery, that science does not discover, or unveil. It falls short of explaining the origin of matter, the universe, galaxies and stars, life dimensions. Science does not explain in any way the presence of objects, the presence of the universe and the presence of life itself. Science is handicapped in explaining death for example, let alone explaining life and its development, life cycle, ageing and then death. These are domains of scientific investigations but science does not uncover its mysteries until the present time. Science with all its scientific discoveries is unable to explain its first subject namely matter. What is matter? Science remains silent. How did matter come about? Science remains silent. What is the origin of matter? Science remains silent. How did the structure of matter come about? Science remains silent. Well, what science is this?

Scientific thinking doe not deal with the most important question for mankind: God is or God is not? Scientists, being mechanical instruments of calculation and observation, in their scientific do not consider the question whether or not there is a creator for the universe. They do not answer the questions of where did the universe, object of their scientific research, come from. They are no concerned with its origin, its, presence, nor with its finality.

Finalities to science are in the real of conjecture for it cannot be subject to scientific analysis, evidence and proof. Everything has a finality which is made for. An apple tree has finality in the apple itself. Finality of a species is its mature adult form. Finality, science it cannot be subject to laboratory investigation, remains outside the real of science and scientific thinking.

The plausibility or implausibility of the religious argument is outside the real of science since it cannot be seen, or be subject of observation, analysis and conclusion. God is not subject of empirical knowledge, which explain the reject and denial of God by most scientists. In their scientific investigation they do not need a God. When Napoleon Bonaparte asked Laplace : ‘Your work is excellent but there is no trace of God in your treatise.’ Lapalce answered : ‘Sir, I did not need this hypothesis for my work.’

Thus science does not deal with God and hence rejects God as a hypothesis. But scientists themselves do not have any answers, scientific or otherwise to ultimate questions such as the presence of the universe, its origin, its dilution , its control, its foundation structures, and its change.

They have no answers about two millions of animal species, their presence, their coming about, their origin and their development and finalities.

Thus the most important questions are not dealt by science.

It is at this very crossing point that man is need to explain his presence, the universe, his origin and that of the origin of the universe. Until science uncovers such knowledge science remains limited and handicapped, just like Stephen Hawking, the astrophysicist who denied the existence of God, without explaining the origin of the universe, its presence and matter-structure.

The realm of metaphysics deal directly with the most important questions namely the reality of everything. It deals with the real, the principles of everything and the first principles at that. God being the first principle to Aristotle is not neglected by Descartes Bacon and Laplace, who believed in God by faith and tried to reason out His presence.

Only metaphysics asks such ultimate questions and attempts answers. Metaphysics is in this way more complete than science dealing not only with physical aspect but with all aspects of a thing or an object.

 

CAREER IN TEACHING Part – II


Job Prospects

You could work in the following institutes.

Play schools Nursery schools Primary/elementary schools Secondary schools Colleges Universities Educational research institutes Special schools Self employment by starting institutes/tutorials

Nursery / Primary Schools:

Nursery and primary school teachers have a huge responsibility in the sense that, it is what children learn and experience during their early years that shape their views and affect success or failures later in their lives. Thus teachers play a vital role in the social and intellectual development of children. They introduce children to numbers, language, science; social studies as well social interactions. Here games, music, artwork, computers and other tools are used to teach basic skills. While kindergarten teachers deal with children of 3 to 5 years, primary school teachers deal with those of 6 to 12 years.

Secondary Schools:

The secondary school teachers instruct students from 8th to 12th standard. Usually they deal with one particular subject in which they specials. Good base in the subject is a must.

Colleges/Universities:

In universities or colleges in India as well as abroad there are lecturers and professors who specialize in a particular field. They give lectures, guidance and help the students in their academic and research work. Those who have organizing ability have a further scope to become a principal, vice-chancellor in the management level.

Special schools:

A challenging area in the field of teaching is that of dealing with children having physical and mental handicap and learning disabilities. The work is emotionally and physically demanding which needs a lot of patience. They have to work in close association with parents and medical professionals like speech therapist, physiotherapist etc. It is different from the normal teaching norms, as each child needs special care depending on his/her disability.

Study Route

Pre-primary
Most polytechnics and vocational training centers conduct training for pre-school teachers. The preferred eligibility is Class XII with 50% aggregate. Personal attributes are, however, more important. There is Montessori teacher training schools, which are privately owned in some large cities.

Primary teacher training

Teachers with diplomas in education / Bachelors in education teach the primary classes. Graduates of Home Science also serve as primary teachers.

Secondary and senior secondary teachers

Teachers having B Ed Degrees after graduation are called Trained Graduate Teachers (TGTs), after post graduation they are called postgraduate trained teachers (PGTs). This training is imparted in teacher training colleges.

Some universities offer these courses through correspondence for in-service teachers to get trained. There are contact programmes for giving practical orientation.

In 1996, the National council for Teacher Education (NCTE) has regulated the training of teachers. Correspondence/distance education courses are meant for teachers who are currently working.

Lecturers

College lecturers require a good academic record with at least 55% or an equivalent grade at master’s degree level in the relevant subject from an Indian University or a foreign University. The eligibility test for lecturers, National Eligibility Test (NET), is conducted by UGC, CSIR or similar tests accredited by the UGC. The State level test SLET is for appointments within the state. The promotion is based on performance, duration of service, and research publications.

Leading academics go on to complete Ph D theses. A doctorate (Ph D) is fast becoming a must-have for teaching postgraduate classes in leading universities.

After Class X/XII (any subject)
Nursery teachers Training of 1-2 years at Polytechnics/ Vocational Training Institutes.

After Class XII (any subject)
Early childhood education / preschool education courses offered by several universities.
After Graduation (any school subject), Bachelors in Education (B Ed) for TGT Grade Jobs
After Post graduation (any school subject), B Ed for PGT grade jobs.
After Post graduation / M.Phil take the NET/ SLET Exam for College Teaching.
Teachers may opt for writing text books/ conducting online / distance education classes.

Places to Study

B.Ed. / M.Ed. courses are offered by the following universities to graduates and postgraduates in any subject

Nagaland University, Lumami, Kohima 797001 North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022 Arunachal University, PO Doimukh, Itanagar 791111 Agartala College, Tripura West Agartala, 799004 Manipur University, Imphal 795003 Assam University, Silchar 788001 Dibrugarh University, PO Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004 Guwahati University, PO Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014 University of Burdwan, PO Rajbati, Dist. Burdwan 713104 University of Calcutta, Senate House, 87 College Street, Calcutta 700073 Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102 Rabindra Bharati Univ., Calcutta 700050 Jadavpur University, Calcutta 700032 Univ. of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734430 Visva Bharati, PO Shantiniketan 731235 Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga 846008 Jai Prakash University, Chapra 841301 Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812007 Ranchi University, Ranchi 834001 Patna University, Patna 800005 BR Ambedkar University, Muzaffarpur 842001 Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, dist. Ganjam Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768017, Sambalpur Utkal University, Po Vani Vihar, Bhubaneshwar 751004

Colleges Overseas

USA

Alabama State University California State University, Long Beach Mills College American University, DC University of Delaware Florida State University Drake University, IA

UK

University of Delaware Florida State University University of Kentucky International House Newcastle Elite College Leeds Metropolitan University School of Languages The Language Project School, Bristol

Australia

University of Wollongong Macquarie University University of New South Wales University of Canberra